The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has announced a “new direction” for the CMS Innovation Center that is intended to “promote patient-centered care and test market-driven reforms.” The goal of these reforms – which may be tested on a smaller scale than current innovation models – is to “empower beneficiaries as consumers, provide
CMS Finalizes IPPS/LTCH Payment and Policy Changes for FY 2018
CMS has published its final rule to update the Medicare acute hospital inpatient prospective payment system (IPPS) and long-term care hospital (LTCH) prospective payment system (PPS) for fiscal year (FY) 2018.
Acute Hospital Rate & Policy Updates
CMS projects that the rate and policy changes in the rule will increase total IPPS payments by about $2.4 billion in FY 2018 compared to FY 2017 levels. Rate adjustments in the rule include: a 2.7 market basket update reduced by a -0.6% multifactor productivity adjustment and a 0.75% cut mandated by the Affordable Care Act (ACA); a -0.6% adjustment related to the 2017 two midnight policy; and a +0.4588% documentation and coding adjustment under the 21st Century Cures Act. CMS also made changes to uncompensated care payments that are expected to increase IPPS operating payments by another 0.8%.
Actual updates to a hospital depend on several quality-related adjustments. The potential updates to standardized amounts for FY 2018 range from a high of 1.35% for a hospital that submits quality data under the Hospital Inpatient Quality Reporting (IQR) Program and is a meaningful Electronic Health Record (EHR) user, to a low of -1.35% for a hospital that does not submit quality data and is not a meaningful EHR user. Specific hospital payments also can be impacted by other factors, including penalties for excess readmissions under the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP), poor performance under the Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program, and bonuses and penalties under the Hospital Value-Based Purchasing Program. For instance, CMS estimates that 2,577 hospitals will have their base operating MS-DRG payments reduced under the HRRP program in FY 2018, saving approximately $556 million in FY 2018. The final rule also updates these hospital quality programs, including revisions to HRRP policies to account for a hospital’s proportion of patients who are dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid (as a proxy for socio-economic status), applicable to discharges beginning in FY 2019.
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CMS Proposes Cancellation of Medicare Cardiac/Hip Fracture Episode Payment Models, Scale-Back of Mandatory CJR Participation
Signals Trump Administration’s About-Face on Obama-Era Mandatory Innovation Models
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has just released a proposed rule to cancel a significant — but still-pending — Obama Administration program that would require certain hospitals to participate in Medicare episode payment models (EPMs) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), and surgical hip/femur fracture treatment (SHFFT) procedures furnished in designated areas of the country. Perhaps more surprisingly, CMS also would dramatically scale back mandatory participation in the ongoing Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) program, with an option for participating hospitals in about half of the current CJR locations to shift to voluntary participation.
As previously reported, the EPM and CJR programs were part of the Obama Administration’s high-profile efforts to move the Medicare system away from fee-for-service (FFS) payments and towards alternative payment models (APMs) that reward quality of care rather than volume of services. Although early APMs (e.g., the Bundled Payment for Care Initiative) were voluntary, CMS eventually shifted attention to mandatory models in order to broaden participation. President Trump’s Secretary of Health and Human Services, Tom Price, M.D., has long been critical of mandatory Medicare payment innovation models and has been contemplating changes to these programs. It is now clear that the Trump Administration is reversing course and pulling back from mandatory models. In fact, CMS stated in an announcement that it “expects to increase opportunities for providers to participate in voluntary initiatives rather than large mandatory episode payment model efforts” in the future.
EPM/CR Models Slated for Cancellation
CMS published a final rule in early 2017 to establish a mandatory EPM program for AMI and CABG cases in 98 metropolitan statistical areas (MSA), along with a mandatory EPM program for SHFFT procedures in 67 MSAs covered by the CJR program. In short, CMS planned to provide a bundled payment to hospitals in selected geographic areas for individual episodes, covering all services provided during the inpatient admission through 90 days post-discharge. In such cases, the hospital would be held accountable for spending during the episode of care. The bundled payment to the hospital would be paid retrospectively through a reconciliation process (hospitals and other providers and suppliers would continue to submit claims and receive payment via the usual Medicare FFS payment systems). A participant hospital would receive a “reconciliation payment” if its actual episode payments (combined Medicare Part A and B claims payments for services furnished to the beneficiary during the episode) were below the target price for the episode, and certain quality thresholds were met. Beginning with the second performance year, affected hospitals would be required to repay Medicare for a portion of spending that exceeded the target price (with limits on upward and downward adjustment). The rule also included provisions intended to promote the use of cardiac rehabilitation services through a Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) Incentive Payment Model.
Continue Reading CMS Proposes Cancellation of Medicare Cardiac/Hip Fracture Episode Payment Models, Scale-Back of Mandatory CJR Participation
CMS Proposes Medicare Physician Fee Schedule Update for 2018
Rule Would Delay Appropriate Use Criteria Requirement until 2019, Cut Rates for Off-Campus Hospital Departments
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has published its proposed rule to update the Medicare physician fee schedule (PFS) for calendar year (CY) 2018. The proposed rule addresses numerous Medicare policies, including: implementation of appropriate use criteria (AUC) for advanced diagnostic imaging services; a deep reduction in reimbursement for off-campus hospital outpatient departments; and consideration of potentially misvalued codes, among many others. Highlights of the proposed rule include the following:
- Under the proposed rule, the 2018 MPFS conversion factor (CF) would be $35.9903, up slightly from the 2017 CF of $35.8887. This update reflects a 0.5% update factor specified under the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA), which is partially offset by a -0.03% relative value unit (RVU) budget neutrality adjustment and a -0.19% “target recapture amount” (since savings from proposed revisions to the RVUs of misvalued codes would not meet a statutory-0.5% target).
- CMS proposes to revise a policy adopted in the final 2017 Medicare Hospital Outpatient Prospective Payment System (OPPS) rule to implement Section 603 of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, which establishes a site-neutral payment policy for certain newly-acquired, provider-based, off-campus hospital outpatient departments (which CMS calls “off-campus provider-based departments” or “off-campus PBDs”). Effective for services provided on or after January 1, 2017, off-campus PBDs are paid under the PFS in most cases, rather than the generally higher-paying OPPS (with certain exceptions). In the 2017 rule, CMS established new PFS site-of-service payment rates to pay non-excepted off-campus PBDs for the technical component of non-excepted services; these rates generally are based on OPPS payments scaled downward by 50% (called the PFS Relativity Adjuster). For CY 2018, CMS is proposing to reduce the Relativity Adjuster by 50%; that is, the technical component rates for these services would be reduced from 50% of the OPPS rate to 25% of the OPPS rate. CMS invites comments on whether a different PFS Relatively Adjuster would be appropriate.
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CMS Proposes IPPS/LTCH Payment and Policy Changes for FY 2018; Requests Comments on Broader Policy Issues
CMS has published its proposed rule to update the Medicare acute hospital inpatient prospective payment system (IPPS) and long-term care hospital (LTCH) prospective payment system (PPS) for fiscal year (FY) 2018. CMS also solicits public comments on a range of policy issues related to physician-owned hospitals, inpatient and outpatient payment differentials for similar services, and ways to reduce the regulatory burden for providers and promote high quality care, as discussed below.
Acute Hospital Rate Update. With regard to the IPPS, CMS projects that the cumulative rate and policy changes in the proposed rule would increase total IPPS payments by about $3.1 billion in FY 2018 compared to FY 2017 levels. Rate changes would result from a number of adjustments, including: a 2.9% market basket update reduced by a -0.4% multifactor productivity adjustment and a 0.75% cut mandated by the Affordable Care Act (ACA); a -0.6% adjustment related to the two midnight policy; and a +0.4588% increase to adjust for documentation and coding under the 21st Century Cures Act. CMS also proposed changes in uncompensated care payments that are expected to increase IPPS operating payments by another 1.2%.
Continue Reading CMS Proposes IPPS/LTCH Payment and Policy Changes for FY 2018; Requests Comments on Broader Policy Issues
Just Under the Wire, CMS Announces 60-Day Extension of PAMA Clinical Lab Reporting Deadline
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has just announced that it is extending until May 30, 2017 the deadline for certain clinical laboratories to report to CMS private payor reimbursement information. As required by the Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014 (PAMA) and its implementing regulations, this data will be
CMS Issues Final Mandatory Episode Payment Models for Cardiac and Orthopedic Cases, Plus New Cardiac Rehabilitation Incentive Payment Model and CJR Program Refinements
In the waning days of the Obama Administration, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has unveiled a lengthy and complex final rule to establish mandatory Medicare bundled payment programs for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), and surgical hip/femur fracture treatment (SHFFT) procedures furnished in designated geographic areas. The rule also includes provisions to promote the use of cardiac rehabilitation services, refine current Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement Model (CJR) rules, and integrate bundled payment programs into the new physician Quality Payment Program. The 1,606-page advance version of the rule was released on December 20, 2016; the official version is scheduled to be published January 3, 2017.
Note that President-elect Donald Trump’s designee for Secretary of Health and Human Services, Rep. Tom Price, M.D., has been highly critical of the proposed version of the rule published in August 2016, and has called on the CMS Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMMI) to “stop experimenting with Americans’ health, and cease all current and future planned mandatory initiatives within the CMMI.” It is therefore uncertain whether all provisions of the final rule will actually be implemented as CMS currently envisions. Nevertheless, impacted providers need to be prepared for potentially significant changes.
Mandatory Episode Payment Models for Cardiac Care, Hip/Femur Fractures
The final rule establishes new “episode payment models” (EPMs) that seek to “advance CMS’ goal of improving the efficiency and quality of care for Medicare beneficiaries and encourage hospitals, physicians, and post-acute care providers to work together to improve the coordination of care from the initial hospitalization through recovery.” CMS estimates that the EPMs will save $159 million during the duration of the program (July 1, 2017 through December 31, 2021).
CMS will “test” the EPMs beginning July 1, 2017 and ending December 31, 2021. CMS has selected 98 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) for the CABG and AMI EPMs, and will implement the SHFFT model in the same 67 MSAs where the CJR program is already underway. Acute care hospitals in these areas will participate in the models if they are paid under the Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS) and are not concurrently participating in Models 2, 3, or 4 of the Innovation Center’s Bundled Payment for Care Improvement (BPCI) initiative for AMI, CABG, or SHFFT episodes. CMS estimates that approximately 1,120 hospitals will participate in the AMI and CABG models, and 860 hospitals will participate in the SHFFT model.
Under the final rule, an AMI, CABG, or SHFFT model episode will begin with an inpatient admission to an “anchor hospital” for the following specified Medicare Severity-Diagnosis Related Groups (MS-DRG):
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Looking Ahead to a Trump Administration: Health Care and Life Sciences Industry Perspectives
Observers are digesting what the Trump Administration will mean for the health care and life sciences industry. Forecasting is more challenging for this incoming Administration than most given the relatively sparse policy details released during the campaign and the lack of a government service record to examine for clues. Today President-elect Trump’s transition team released a one-page statement on health care policy, but many questions remain. Nevertheless, we offer below our initial observations and issues to watch in the months to come.
- Potential Sea Change. Uncertainty is, as some like to say, the “obvious comment” that characterizes the whole prospective Trump Administration. Other than an intended “repeal and replacement” of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), President-elect Trump has provided relatively few details on a proposed health care agenda. Until these policies are fleshed-out, expect an environment where some business decisions and investments may be delayed, with a resulting impact on merger and acquisition activity. That said, other transactions may become more likely, as the threat of new restrictions under a Clinton administration are removed, along with the prospect of potential regulatory relief under a Republican-controlled federal government.
- Affordable Care Act Repeal and Replacement. Trump has repeatedly indicated his desire to repeal and replace the ACA, including a vow to summon Congress into a special session for this task. If the law is repealed, however, what would take its place, and how would Congress address the roughly 20 million Americans currently covered in some way under the ACA (and the potential rise in uncompensated care costs that also would result)? Despite the call for repeal, certain parts of the law are popular. For instance, President-elect Trump noted on the campaign trail that he was in support of the ACA’s prohibition against the use of pre-existing health conditions to deny coverage (or as a basis for premium-setting). Other proposals offered by Trump as candidate include allowing for the sale of health insurance across state lines as long as plans comply with state requirements, various tax benefits, and more transparency in health care pricing. In today’s policy statement, President-elect Trump added support for high-risk pools, which he characterizes as “a proven approach to ensuring access to health insurance coverage for individuals who have significant medical expenses and who have not maintained continuous coverage.” Congressional Republicans have offered a number of alternatives that are likely to be a springboard for reform, most notably the “Better Way” plan proposed by House Speaker Paul Ryan. In fact, according to the Speaker’s office, “in the 114th Congress alone, House Republicans have introduced more than 400 individual bills that would improve our nation’s health care system” – demonstrating that Congress is not reticent about legislating on health care issues. The new Senate’s Republican majority will not have the 60 votes required to override a potential Democratic filibuster of legislation to fully repeal the law. While Congress could use budget reconciliation authority (which requires only 50 votes in the Senate) to make significant changes, the drawn-out pace of the budget process may not satisfy those who want quick action in this area. Regardless of the legislative vehicle, after years of calling for Obamacare repeal while President Obama was in office, the Republican Congress will be under tremendous pressure to act quickly – even if it is a “down-payment” on reform — now that Republicans will control the presidency and the Congress.
CMS Finalizes Two-Track System to Implement MACRA Medicare Physician Payment Policy Changes
Temporary Transition Policies Reduce Threat of Negative Adjustments in 2019, But Adds to Complexity
On November 4, 2016, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) is publishing a sweeping final rule reforming the Medicare physician fee schedule (MPFS) update framework, as mandated by the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA).
New OIG Studies Reveal Clinical Lab Test Payment Trends and CMS’ Progress in Implementing PAMA
Last week, the OIG released two new studies analyzing what and how Medicare pays for clinical laboratory tests (“lab tests”).
The first study, Medicare Payments for Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Tests in 2015: Year 2 of Baseline Data, analyzed Medicare Part B claims data for lab tests performed in 2015 and reimbursed under the Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule. OIG compared this data with the same claims data for 2014, and found that, among other things:
Continue Reading New OIG Studies Reveal Clinical Lab Test Payment Trends and CMS’ Progress in Implementing PAMA
CMS Posts PAMA Clinical Lab Fee Schedule Data Reporting Template and User Guide
In order to assist the clinical laboratory community in meeting new Medicare reporting requirements under the Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014 (PAMA), CMS has posted a Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule Data Reporting Template and a “Quick User Guide” to the template. By way of background, PAMA requires CMS to base Medicare
CMS Proposes Three New “Episode Payment Models” for Cardiac Care, Hip/Femur Fracture Cases, Plus Changes to CJR Model
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has announced proposals for three new “episode payment models” that, like the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) model, would mandate provider participation in selected geographic areas. The episodes included in these payment models would address care for heart attacks, coronary artery bypass graft, and surgical hip/femur fracture treatment (excluding lower-extremity joint replacement). The performance period for these proposed episode payment models would begin July 1, 2017, giving hospitals and other providers a very short amount of time to prepare for these new payment methods. Comments are due October 3, 2016. Reed Smith is available to assist clients with preparation of comments or questions related to the proposed rule.
Continue Reading CMS Proposes Three New “Episode Payment Models” for Cardiac Care, Hip/Femur Fracture Cases, Plus Changes to CJR Model
CMS Unveils New Mandatory Medicare Bundled Payment Models for Cardiac & Hip Fracture Cases, Plus Proposed Refinements to CJR Program
On July 25, 2016, CMS announced ambitious, multi-pronged plans to expand mandatory Medicare coordinated care/bundled payment programs, promote the use of cardiac rehabilitation services, refine current Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement Model (CJR) rules, and integrate bundled payment programs into the upcoming Medicare physician quality/payment framework. The proposed “Advancing Care Coordination through Episode Payment Model” rule is part of the Administration’s efforts to move the Medicare system away from fee-for-service (FFS) payments and towards alternative payment models that reward quality of care rather than volume of services.
Continue Reading CMS Unveils New Mandatory Medicare Bundled Payment Models for Cardiac & Hip Fracture Cases, Plus Proposed Refinements to CJR Program
CMS Finalizes Changes to Medicare Clinical Lab Test Payment Policy, Pushes Back Effective Date to 2018
On June 23, 2016, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) is publishing a major final rule to base Medicare clinical laboratory fee schedule (CLFS) reimbursement on private insurance payment amounts, as required by the Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014 (PAMA). In an important change from the proposed rule, CMS will implement the new payment policy beginning January 1, 2018, rather than in 2017. Once in effect, the impact will be significant; CMS estimates that the final rule will reduce Medicare payments by $390 billion in FY 2018 and by $3.93 billion through FY 2025. The following is an overview of the complex new payment methodology. Additional details are available in our Client Alert.
Continue Reading CMS Finalizes Changes to Medicare Clinical Lab Test Payment Policy, Pushes Back Effective Date to 2018
Medicare Launches Its First Mandatory Bundled Payment Model for Joint Replacement Care – What You Need to Know to Get Ready
As previously reported, CMS has published its final rule to establish a Medicare Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) model that establishes a bundled payment framework for acute care hospitals for lower extremity joint replacement surgery (LEJR) episodes of care in selected geographic areas. The CJR initiative is particularly significant given that it is
CMS Finalizes “Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement” Model
On November 16, 2015, CMS released its final rule to establish a Medicare Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) model that will test whether bundled payments to acute care hospitals for lower extremity joint replacement surgery (LEJR) episodes of care will reduce Medicare expenditures while preserving or enhancing the quality of care for Medicare beneficiaries. CMS estimates that this initiative – which will be mandatory for most hospitals operating in selected geographical areas –will include about 23% of all LEJR episodes nationally and will result in approximately $343 million in net Medicare savings over five years. The advance version of the final rule is lengthy (more than 1000 pages) and complex. The basic framework of the program aligns with the program specifications set forth in CMS’s July 14, 2015 proposed rule. CMS did, however, push back the start date for the initiative; the regulations, while effective on January 15, 2016, are applicable when the first model performance period begins on April 1, 2016. Our preliminary observations regarding key features of the final rule and notable changes from the proposed rule include the following:
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CMS Issues Final FY 2016 Medicare IPPS/LTCH Rule
On July 31, 2015, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) released a major final rule to update the Medicare acute hospital inpatient prospective payment system (IPPS) and the long-term care hospital prospective payment system (LTCH PPS) for fiscal year (FY) 2016. The official version of the rule will be published in the Federal Register on August 17, 2015, and generally applies to discharges occurring on or after October 1, 2015. With regard to the IPPS, CMS projects that the rate and policy changes in the final rule will increase IPPS operating payments by approximately 0.4%, or about $378 million in FY 2016. The rule provide a 0.9% operating payment rate update for hospitals that submit quality data and are meaningful users of Electronic Health Records (EHR). This update reflects a 2.4% market basket update, adjusted by a -0.5 percentage point multi-factor productivity (MFP) cut and an additional -0.2 percentage point cut (as mandated by the Affordable Care Act, or ACA), with an additional -0.8 percentage point documentation and coding recoupment adjustment required by the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012.
Continue Reading CMS Issues Final FY 2016 Medicare IPPS/LTCH Rule
Analysis of CMS’ Proposed Medicare “Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement” Model
As promised in our July 21st post, our team has compiled a comprehensive analysis of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ (CMS) proposed rule to establish a Medicare Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CCJR) model, under which CMS would provide a bundled payment to hospitals for an episode of lower extremity joint
President Obama Signs MACRA: Permanently Reforms Medicare Physician Reimbursement Framework, Includes Other Health Policy Provisions
Today President Obama signed into law H.R. 2, the “Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015” (MACRA), which reforms Medicare payment policy for physician services and adopts a series of policy changes affecting a wide range of providers and suppliers. Most notably, MACRA permanently repeals the statutory Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) formula, achieving a goal that has eluded Congress for years. Now, after a period of stable payment updates, MACRA will link physician payment updates to quality, value measurements, and participation in alternative payment models.
Continue Reading President Obama Signs MACRA: Permanently Reforms Medicare Physician Reimbursement Framework, Includes Other Health Policy Provisions
President Signs Medicare Physician Fee Schedule/SGR Patch with Numerous Health Policy Provisions
On April 1, 2014, President Obama signed into law H.R. 4302, the “Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014” (“the Act”). The Act includes a one-year Medicare physician fee schedule fix that averts a nearly 24 percent payment cut set for April 1, 2014, but which falls far short of earlier hopes for full repeal of the current sustainable growth rate (SGR) formula. The Act also includes numerous other Medicare payment and policy changes, including skilled nursing facility value-based purchasing provisions, reforms to the physician fee schedule relative valuation process, a new framework for clinical laboratory payments, a variety of changes impacting imaging services, changes in the exceptions for long term care hospitals, and extension of certain expiring provisions. In other areas, the bill includes a one-year delay in the transition to ICD-10, changes to the timetable for Medicaid disproportionate share hospital cuts, and “front-loading” of the 2024 Medicare sequestration reduction.
Continue Reading President Signs Medicare Physician Fee Schedule/SGR Patch with Numerous Health Policy Provisions