Based on a review of Prescription Drug Event (PDE) records for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drugs and other beneficiary records, the OIG determined that Medicare Part D paid for HIV drugs for over 150 deceased beneficiaries in 2012, most of which were dispensed by retail pharmacies. The OIG identified shortcomings in CMS claims edits that reject PDE records for drugs with dates of service more than 32 days after death that allowed payment for drugs that do not meet Medicare Part D coverage requirements. The OIG recommends that CMS eliminate or, if necessary for administrative processing, shorten the window in which it accepts PDE records for drugs dispensed after a beneficiary’s death; CMS concurred. The OIG also observes that while its report focuses on HIV drugs, the issues raised are relevant to all Part D drugs.